Black History Month - African American Inventors, L

Black history inventors are listed alphabetically. Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued, and a description of the invention as written by the inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles, biographies, illustrations, and photos on each individual inventor or patent.   Lewis Howard Latimer #147,363, 2/10/1874, Water closets for railway cars (co-inventor Charles W.Brown)#247,097, 9/13/1881, Electric lamp, (co-inventor Joseph V. Nichols)​#252,386, 1/17/1882, Process of manufacturing carbons#255,212, 3/21/1882, Globe supporter for electric lamps (co-inventor John Tregoning)#334,078, 1/12/1886, Apparatus for cooling and disinfecting#557,076, 3/24/1896, Locking rack for hats, coats, and umbrellas#781,890, 2/7/1905, Book supporter#968,787, 8/30/1910, Lamp fixture William A. Lavalette #208,184, 9/17/1878, Improvement in printing presses#208,208, 9/17/1878, Variation of printing press Arthur Lee #2,065,337, 12/22/1936, Self propelled toy fish Henry Lee #61,941, 2/12/1867, Improvements in animal traps Joseph Lee #524,042, 8/7/1894, Kneading machine#540,553, 6/4/1895, Bread crumbing machine Lester A. Lee #4,011,116, 3/8/1977, Carbon dioxide laser fuels Maurice William Lee #2,906,191, 9/29/1959, Aromatic pressure cooker and smoker Robert Lee #2,132,304, 10/4/1938, Safety attachment for automotive vehicles Herbert Leonard #3,119,657, 1/28/1964, Production of hydroxylamine hydrochloride#3,586,740, 6/22/1971, High impact polystyrene Frank W. Leslie #590,325 9/21/1897 Envelope seal Francis Edward LeVert #4,091,288, 5/23/1978, Threshold self-powered gamma detector for use as a monitor of power in a nuclear reactor#4,722,610, 2/2/1988, Monitor for deposition on heat transfer surfaces#4,805,454, 2/21/1989, Continuous fluid level detector#4,765,943, Thermal neutron detectors and system using the same#4,316,180, Directional detector of changes in a local electrostatic field#4,280,684, Manual automobile pusher#4,277,727, Digital room light controller#4,259,575, Directional gamma detector#4,218,043, Manual automobile pusher#4,136,282, Directional detector of gamma rays#5,711,324, Hair drying curler apparatus#5,541,464, Thermionic generator#5,443,108, Upwardly deployed privacy blind#5,299,367, Hair drying curler apparatus#5,256,878, Self powered detector based monitor for radiographic cameras#6,886,274, Spring cushioned shoe#6,865,824, Fluid flow system for spring-cushioned shoe#6,665,957, Fluid flow system for spring-cushioned shoe#6,583,617, Barkhausen noise measurement probe with magneto resistive sensor and cylindrical magnetic shield#6,442,779, Portable feet elevator#6,353,656, Radioisotope based x-ray residual stress analysis apparatus#6,282,814, Spring cushioned shoe#6,240,967, Sleeve assembly for protecting conducting wires against damage by cutting implements#7,159,338, Fluid flow system for spring-cushioned shoe Anthony L. Lewis #483,359, 9/27/1892, Window cleaner Edward R. Lewis #362,096, 5/3/1887, Spring gun James Earl Lewis #3,388,399, 6/11/1968, Antenna feed for two coordinate tracking radars Henry Linden #459,365, 9/8/1891, Piano truck Ellis Little #254,666, 3/7/1882, Bridle-bit Emanuel L. Logan Jr #3,592,497, 7/13/1971, Door bar latch Amos E. Long #610,715, 9/13/1898, Cap for bottle and jars (co-inventor Albert A Jones) Frederick J. Loudin #510,432, 12/12/1893, Fastener for the meeting rails of sashes#512,308, 1/9/1894, Key fastener John Lee Love #542,419, 7/9/1895, Plasterers hawk#594,114, 11/23/1897, Pencil sharpener Henry R. Lovell #D 87,753, 9/13/1932, Design for a doorcheck William E. Lovett #3,054,666, 9/18/1962, Motor fuel composition James E. Lu Valle #3,219,445, 11/23/1965, Photographic processes#3,219,448, 11/23/1965, Photographic medium and methods of preparing same#3,219,451, 11/23/1965, Sensitizing photographic media

The Effects Of Smoke Related Illness On The United States...

Just over a billion people worldwide indulge themselves with a legal substance that has proven too insidiously cause disease or death. Approximately six million people die each year from this legal drug and it is one of the worst threats to humanity worldwide (WHO, 2016). This drug is sold legally over the counter throughout many countries including the United States. The Surgeon General’s Warning, â€Å"smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema and may complicate pregnancy† was labeled on the packaging of cigarette boxes in the 1980’s. Eventually, launching a national campaign for smoking cessation. Despite the many laws that inhibit the use of tobacco smoke, these products continue to be a legally obtainable substance in the US with devastating damage as a result of their use. There are more than 480,000 Americans killed each year as a result of cigarette smoking, it is the largest preventable cause of disease and death. The cost of smoke related ill ness in the United States is more than $300 billion annually, which includes $170 billion in cost for medical care and $156 billion lost in productivity (CDC, 2016). The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests smoking causes demise in half of its users and estimates that 600,000 people are killed each year as a result of second-hand smoke (WHO, 2016). Smoking has been linked to several types of cancers (gastrointestinal, bladder, lung), cardiac and pulmonary diseases as well as cerebral vascular accidents.Show MoreRelated The Negitive Effects of Tobacco Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest problems in the United States. According to the statistics, tobacco has the highest death rate. Smoking is a very popular habit, even though we all know that smoking is very dangerous. Millions of people around the globe want to quit smoking for medical reasons such as having already two heart-valve replacement surgeries. By now, almost everyone knows that smoking and other tobacco use cause s cancer. But it can also cause may more problems. When you smoke tobacco, the effects on your body are immediateRead MoreHow Can Such a Life Threatening Issue Be Overlooked So Easily?1611 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans die every year from cigarette smoke, but not all of them are smokers. Conclusive information shows, â€Å"Since the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, 2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (â€Å"Health Effects†). These nonsmokers, who died from secondhand smoke related illnesses, were exposed to secondhand smoke throughout their lives in order for these illnesses to develop. Most adults who suffer from secondhand smoke related issues were raised in homes whereRead MoreBan Smoking The Clean Indoor Air Act940 Words   |  4 Pagesaround smokers. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a research stating that 18 of every hundred adults in the U.S. currently smoke cigarettes, causing more th an 480,000 deaths every year (â€Å"Current Cigarette Smoking†). There are health issues that occur with smokers and passive smokers. The Clean Indoor Air Act was amended in Washington State on November 8, 2005 in order to protect residents’ health, prohibiting â€Å"smoking within 25 feet of entrances, exits, windows that open, and ventilationRead MoreTobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesCigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States. This means about one out of every five deaths is a result of smoking. In addition to outright death, smoking has many detrimental effects on the lives of smokers and those around them. Fires, second-hand smoke, and smoking related motor vehicle accidents all plague the world and those in it. Tobacco should be made illegal because of the horrible consequences it inflicts on smokers and non-smokers alike. Tobacco isRead MoreSmoking Is The Preventable Cause Of Death And Disease941 Words   |  4 Pagesis smoking and it is killing many people. Why would you want to smoke if it causes so many deaths? People have all kinds of excuses for that question. Some of which include: â€Å"I’m stressed out†, and â€Å"I just want to fit in†. Would you want to die because you wanted to be cool or you felt stressed? There are many reasons why you should not smoke. It is causing pain and suffering not only to the smokers, but also to people who do not smoke. Addiction to smoking is one of the most serious and expensiveRead MoreTobacco Use And Smoking Related Illness1659 Words   |  7 PagesMore than 480,000 people smoke every day and over 16 million people suffer from smoking related illnesses. For every dead smoker, at least thirty people live with a smoking related illness. Worldwide, tobacco use causes nearly six million deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than eight million deaths annually by the year 2030. On average, smokers dies ten years earlier than nonsmokers and if smoking continue at the current rate among U.S. youth, 5.6 million ofRead MoreTobacco and Cigarette Smoking1030 Words   |  5 Pagestobacco related disease, which results in a shocking amount of ten deaths per minute. Tobacco is one of the most heavily used addictive products in the United States. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals; approximately 250 are dangerously harmful to humans. Smoking is a major public health problem. All smokers face an increased risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular problems and many other disorders. Smoking should be banned due to the many health risks to the user, second hand related smoke illnessRead MoreSmoking Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pageshigher chance you will likely die. Smoking reduces your ability for physical movement and smokers are more likely to get a blood clot. Your dangers increase if you smoke and have a family history of coronary illness. Smoking likewise makes a higher hazard for supply route and artery disease. It builds the danger of intermittent coronary illness after sidestep surgery. If you stop smoking now your lungs will eventually start to heal. You must stick with a treatment plan as long as possible. If you stopRead MoreEssay on Marijuana vs. Cigarettes1012 Words   |  5 PagesCigarettes are a mixture of the most dangerous substances for humans to consume and yet they are legal and mass produced so that everyone can smoke them. Marijuana on the other hand is nowhere nearly as harmful as cigarettes but is illegal and looked at as if it were far worse than cigarettes. It is long overdue that society recognizes the fact that marijuana is better for people than cigarettes by a mile. Cigarettes are extremely more addictive than marijuana, the usage patterns for marijuana cannotRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicated

A Growing Problem in the United States Free Essays

Stating this proves that it schools are a in the epidemic. The epidemic is increasing and part of it rising is the schools fault. There are thousands and thousands of children who become obese from eating school lunch. We will write a custom essay sample on A Growing Problem in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now School lunches are very high in the calories. Their lunches are very unhealthy. It doesn’t only make children become obese or overweight. It also ruins their health, and that is very bad. Also according to the mnn. om website â€Å"those who regularly ate the school lunch were 29 percent more likely to become obese that those who packed their own. † By learning this we know children who eat lunch has a greater percent to becoming obese. Also learning this proves that school lunch is very unhealthy. Therefore I think schools should pay attention to how their school lunch affects a child’s weight. Vending machines and chool stores sell too much high calorie snacks and drinks. This needs to stop because this is another reason why childhood obesity increases from schools. I think the vending machines and the school stores need to have healthier snacks and drinks. President Obama says â€Å"Removing unhealthy high-calorie snacks and drinks from schools is a important step toward tackling the nation’s childhood obesity epidemic. † What president Obama is basically saying is that removing snacks and drinks will help to lessen childhood obesity in America. Removing is way to lessen our big trouble with children weight. Removing unhealthy snacks and drinks could give America to decrease childhood obesity. Also president Obama said â€Å"the sale of unhealthy high-calorie snacks and drinks in school vending machines undermines these etto rts to ensure access to healthy and nutritious t in schools † Basically president Obama is trying to say selling these high calorie snacks and drinks is not supporting the decrease in childhood obesity schools should not sell unhealthy things to children. I think schools should sell healthy snacks and drinks because the students can benefit in school and use it in their daily lives. For example maybe if they eat healthy in school it will encourage the kids to eat healthy outside of school and if they eat healthy they don’t have to worry about become obese or overweight. This gives a child a better way not to become obese or overweight. As a conclusion to this I think schools should decrease the amount of calories that are in their snacks and drinks. They should make the snacks and drinks healthier. I believe schools should wake up and look and start having more physical activities. Children in America are too overweight and they should start having more physical activity and exercise. The perfect way for kids to exercise is at school with all their friends and for them to have fun while doing it. According to Kelly D â€Å"obesity is but one of many problems brought on by poor diet and lack of physical activity. † (Page 142) Exercise is very important way to prevent obesity. So school is Just the right place to provide children a way to prevent obesity. Children can exercise 45 minutes a day. That way children have a better chance to not end up being obese or overweight. According to Kiess W, Marcus, Claud and Wabitsch â€Å"physical activity is one of the most important factors for therapy and prevention of obesity in children. Physical activity is a graet prevention for childhood obesity. This is another good way for children to exercise in school. It gives people who are obese a chance to not be obese anymore. Physical activity is a great and easy way to become normal in weigh. It also keeps people healthy. Children can practice all kinds of physical activities. They can have fun while doing physical activity. They can have fun exercising at the same time practicing to be healthy. Physical activity is very easy and healthy way to prevent obesity. Also the cdc. com website states that physical activity helps reduce the risk of eveloping obesity. So if you can exercise often there is a greater chance that you’re not likely to become obese then a person who eats the same as you and does not exercise. So the more you exercise the better. As a result schools should open more physical activities because if they do the amount of child hood obesity will lessen. The three ways that schools can help with childhood obesity giving healthier school lunch, lessening the high calorie snacks and drinks, and adding more physical activities in schools. I think schools need healthier lunch because children’s weight can be decreased. I also think he high calorie snacks and drinks need to be lessened in vending machines and school stores. I also think there should be more physical activities its easy and its fun. Childhood obesity need to b decreased now and schools can help. They need to give healthier lunch, decrease the amount of high calorie drinks and snacks, and they also need to add more physical activities. Childhood obesity is a big social issue in America and we can make it decreased if we get the schools involved. So we need to start as soon as possible because the rising of childhood obesity is not looking good. So let’s get schools involved now. How to cite A Growing Problem in the United States, Papers

RwandaGenocide or Civil War Essay Example For Students

RwandaGenocide or Civil War Essay The current state of affairs in Rwanda constitutes a catastrophe that never should have happened. Unfortunately, it has happened, but do the circumstances and outcomes warrant using the term genocide? Based on facts about the ethnic make up of Rwanda, there is abundant proof that this is actually a case of violent, ongoing civil wars, and the use of the term genocide is not justified. The major crime problem in Rwanda since 1994 has been mass murder, officially know as genocide, which has been prevalent in this country in the mist of years of civil war. Genocide is defined as the methodically planned eradication of a racial, political, or cultural group. The United Nations (1998) has declared in the Convention on the Punishment and Prevention of the Crime of Genocide of 1946, that genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group (p. 1). Genocide represents a horror so special that the term has previously been used to described only two events in the twentieth century: the massacre of Armenians by Turks in 1915, and the Nazi Holocaust against the Jews. The United Nations (1998) stated that any persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished(2). The Convention on the Punishment and Prevention of the Crime of Genocide hammere d out the statutes concerning genocide, which went into force January 12, 1951. These are still considered law. How or what the specific punishment is or should be is not defined in these articles. Since most members of the United Nations do not practice the death penalty, the most common punishment for genocide is life in prison without parole. The population of Rwanda is estimated at 8,154,933 (Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1999, p.2). Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with the approximate population density of 302 persons per square kilometer (Rwanda, 2000 p.1). A majority of Rwandans live in a rural setting. There are three main ethnic groups that make up the population: the Hutu (approximately 80 percent), the Tutsi (around 19 percent), noted as primarily farmers and cattle herders, and the Twa (1 percent), a pygmoid people thought to be the original inhabitants of the region (CIA, 1999, p.3). The religions of Rwanda include Catholicism, Protestant, Islam, and other indigenous beliefs (Rwanda, 2000 p 1). Most Rwandans live in round grass huts in farms scattered over the countrys many hills. Family life is central to society (Rwanda, 2000 p 1). Rwanda is a landlocked, mountainous country in east central Africa. The neighboring countries include Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which borders Rwanda to the west (Rwanda, 2000 p.1). Rwanda is one of Africas smallest countries, covering an area of only 10,169 square miles (Rwanda, 2000 p.1). The government of Rwanda is a multiparty democracy with a limited presidential term. Agriculture, manufacturing, and trade compose the majority of the economy. Close to one half of the land is used for farming coffee, tea, beans, potatoes, sorghum, bananas, and livestock. The natural resources of Rwanda are reserves of gold, beryl, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore) and methane (natural gas). Due to the dense population with terrible poverty and tense ethnic composition, there have been pressures to boost exports to make up for the amounts of imported products need to survive. This puts a strain on the la borers of Rwanda to increase the amount of goods produced for export in order to pay for all the imports.According to the CIA (1999), 1998 records list the country of Rwanda debt was $1.2 billion (p. 7). The economic strain places the Tutsi and the Hutu at even greater level of hostility. This strain is due in part to the fact that the Hutu are the majority and are predominantly agriculturist. The Tutsi, on the other hand, are primarily cattle herders. In this society owning cattle is a symbol of superior status. Computer, Internet, Privacy INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACE T EssayThere have been some speculations as to whether the people being charged are the ones truly responsible for the injustices. Hutu extremists have long been thought responsible for killing Habyarimana in a bid to sabotage his efforts to implement a power-sharing deal with the Tutsis (Cohen, 2000, p.1). Are the Rwandans trying the right people for the crime committed?There are several proposed solutions for the problems of the ethnic conflict in Rwanda. First, Rwandan and international authorities should deal more openly with ethnic issues. Secondly, Rwanda and the international community should accept a degree of voluntary social and/or ethnic segregation in some areas of Rwanda. Another solution would be for the United Nations and their allies to show a stronger presence in Rwanda to help settle disputes until Rwanda is able to establish a system that works for that country. An additional solution to Rwandas problems is to establish a more organized and monitored employment structure. A further resolution to Rwandas tribulations would be to set up a type of reeducation camp, held by the U.N. to help teach Rwandans about their humanitarian rights. The best solution would be, for the United Nations and its members, to relieve Rwanda of its debts and send as much relief support as possible to enable Rwanda to get on its feet and start over. This might not be feasible in application, but in theory it is what Rwanda needs, as well as better ethnic relations. The notion that genocide was committed in Rwanda ultimately rests upon the argument that the 1994 massacres were pre-planned military operations. The kills were more accurately a retaliatory response to the killing of the president than premeditated genocidal killings. There is no proof of the deliberate plan to wipe-out the Tutsis or the Hutus. True enough there were unnecessary mass killings of different ethnic groups, and genocide was a part of the bloody civil war, but there are no findings that point to an all out genocidal killing of either ethnic group. Americans killed each other during our Civil War, but we do not look at it as The Genocide between the North and South. It was just a war, as is this injustice. Bibliography: